واژه نامه دو زبانه عربی انگلیسی مقدماتی اسلام

معنی کلمه واژه نامه دو زبانه عربی انگلیسی مقدماتی اسلام

معنی واژه واژه نامه دو زبانه عربی انگلیسی مقدماتی اسلام

معنیThe following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place.
Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of dawah. Arabic, like all languages, contains words whose meanings differ across various contexts. The word Islam is itself a good example.
Arabic is written in its own alphabet, with letters, symbols, and orthographic conventions that do not have exact equivalents in the Latin alphabet (see Arabic alphabet). The following list contains transliterations of Arabic terms and phrases; variations exist, e.g. din instead of deen and aqidah instead of aqeedah. Most items in the list also contain their actual Arabic spelling.

Contents:
Top 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
‘Abd (عبد)
servant, worshipper, slave. Muslims consider themselves servants and slaves of God. Common Muslim names such as Abdullah (Servant of God), Abdul-Malik (Slave of the King), Abdur-Rahmān (Slave of the most Beneficent), Abdus-Salām (Slave of Peace), all refer to names of Allah.
Adab (أدب)
Traditionally describes good manners, as in etiquette. For example, being courteous is good adab. However, the term can be used very broadly, and the proper translation would be "the proper way to go about something," as in the example, Aadaab al Qitaal, or, "The Proper Way of Fighting in War," (Qitaal in Arabic means mortal combat) in which the word "etiquette" does not befit the context. Literally meaning literature.
Adhān (أذان)
call to salat (prayer), sometimes alternatively spelled and pronounced Azan, Athan and Adhan.
‘Adl (عدل)
justice, especially distributive justice: social, economic, political, environmental.
AH
anno hegirae The Islamic calendar starts counting years starting from the time when Muhammad had to leave Mecca and go to Medina, an event known as the Hijra: July 16, 622.
Aḥad (أحد)
literally "one." Islamically, ahad means One Alone, unique, none like God. Al-Wahid is one of the names of God.
Aḥkām (أحکام)
rulings and orders of the Quran and Sunnah. Five kinds of orders: Wajib, Mustahab, Muharram, Makruh, and Halal. Singular Ḥukm.
Ahl al-Bayt (أهل البیت )
members of Muhammads Household. Also known among Shia as the Masumin (infallibles; spiritually pure).
Ahl al-Faṭrah ( أهل الفطرة)
people who live in ignorance of the teachings of a revealed religion, but according to the "Fitra", the "Natural Religion" innate to human nature as created by God.
Ahl al-Kitāb (أهل الکتاب )
"People of the Book", or followers of pre-Islamic monotheistic religions with some form of scripture believed to be of divine origin which were mentioned in Quran: Jews, Christians.
Ākhirah (الآخرة)
hereafter or eternal life
Akhlāq (أخلاق)
The practice of virtue. Morals.
Al-Ikhlās (إخلاص)- Sincerety
Genuine in religious beliefs.
Al-Birr (البر)
Piety and righteousness and every act of obedience to Allah.
‘Ālamīn (عالمین)
Literally "worlds", humankind, jinn, angels and all that exists
Alayhis Salam (علیه السلام)
"Peace be upon him" This expression normally follows after naming a prophet (other than Muhammad), or one of the noble Angels (i.e. Jibreel, Mikaeel, etc.)
Al-Ḥamdu Lillāh or Hamdellah (الحمد لله)
"Praise be to God!" Quranic exclamation and also same meaning as hallelujah.
Allāh (الله)
The Arabic name of God.
Allāhumma (اللَّهُمَّ)
"O God."
Allāhu Akbar (الله أکبر)
"Allah is the Greatest." Islamic expression.
‘Ālim (عالِم)
One who knows. A scholar (in any field of knowledge); a scientist (who knows science) or a theologian (who knows religion); similar to Japanese sensei, "teacher".
Amānah (أمانة)
the trust. Of all creation, only human beings & jinns carry the "trust", which is free will.
Āmīn (آمین)
Amen, a supplication meaning, "O God, accept our invocation!".
Amīrul-Mu’minīn (أمیر المؤمنین)
In some countries like Morocco, a Amīrul-Mu’minīn or Commander of the faithful is the religious chief.
Āminah (آمنة)
Muhammads mother. Aminah fell sick and died in Abwa, near Madina (then Yathrib) when Muhammad was six years old.
Al Amr Bil Maruf (الأمر بالمعروف)
Islamic doctrine of enjoining right. There exists in Islam the (obligatory) principle of encouraging other people to do the right thing.
anfal (انفال)
Property of the Imam
Anṣār (أنصار)
"Helpers." The Muslim converts at Medina who helped the Muslims from Mecca after the Hijrah.
‘Aqīdah (عقیدة)
The Islamic creed, or the six article of faith, which consists of the belief in God, Angels, Messengers and Prophets, Scriptures, the Day of Judgment, and Destiny.
Aqīqah (عقیقة)
Islamic practice of shaving the head of the newborn male and contributing the weight in silver for charity as well as 2 lambs. One lamb is slaughtered for a baby girl.
‘Aql (عقل)
Intelligence, intellect, mind, understanding
Arkān singular rukn (رکن/أرکان)
The five rukn "pillars" of Islam. (See rukn)
A.S. (Alayhis-salām)
This acronym evokes a blessing and is appended to the names of the prophets who came before Muhammad. It will also be applied to the mothers of those prophets. When following a womans name, the feminine form is Alayhas-salaam.
Aṣl ( أصل ) (pl. usool)
Root, origin, source; principle.
Aslim Taslam (أسلِم تسلَم)
"Submit to Islam" (See dawah) (See: lan astaslem)
Asmā’ Allah al-Ḥusnā (أسماء الله الحسنى)
List of Gods 99 names. According to a hadith, the one who enumerates them all will enter Paradise.
‘Aṣr (العصر)
The third salat prayer. The time of the day before sunset and after noon. also means "era".
Aṣ-Ṣirāṭ (الصراط)
The bridge by crossing which it is determined (judged) whether a person would go to heaven or hell. How a person crosses the Sirat depends on what they have done in their life and what they have believed in.
al-Asharatu Mubashsharun bil-Jannah or just Asharatu Mubashsharah (Arabic
العشرة المبشّرون بالجنة or عشرة المبشّر, Transliteration: ‘Asharatul-mubashshirūn or ‘Asharatul-mubashshirūne bil Jannah): The ten companions of Muhammad who were promised paradise (only in Sunni Islam)
‘Āshūrā’ (عاشوراء)
Tenth day of the month of Muharram. It is the day God saved Moses and the children of Israel from the Pharaoh. The grandson of the prophet Muhammad, Imam Hussayn sacrificed his life along with 72 of his companions on the sand dunes of Karbala. Sunni Scholars recommended to fast during this day. To the Shias, it is also a day on which they mourn the death of the third Shia Imam, Husayn ibn Ali, along with his family and companions, who were killed in the famous battle in Karbala. They cry and weep and organize lamentating programmes where they not only learn how to live a proper Islamic life and improve their Spiritual Self but also cry at the end of the ritual to show their true love and faith towards imam Hussayn.
As-Salāmu ‘Alaykum (السلام علیکم)
The Islamic greeting; literally "Peace be upon you"; In addition, wa-Raḥmatullāhi wa-Barakātuhu (ورحمة الله وبرکاته) means "and the Mercy of God and His blessing". The response to this greeting is wa-‘Alaykum us-Salām wa-Raḥmatullāhi wa-Barakātuhu (و علیکم السلام ورحمة الله وبرکاته) --"And on you be the Peace and Mercy of God and His Blessing".
Astaghfirullāh (أستغفر الله)
"I seek forgiveness from God." Islamic expression.
Audhu billah (أعوذ بالله ’A‘ūdhu billāh)
"I seek refuge in God". This is a paraphrase on the beginnings of the two last suras in the Quran.
Awliyā’ (أولیاء)
Friends, protectors, helpers, caretaker, maintainer. (singular: wali)
‘Awrah (عورة)
The parts of the body, male or female, must be covered in public but not between spouses, such as, body parts must be concealed of a woman before non-related men.(non-related men means she can marry those men lawfully).
Āyah (آیة), plural āyāt (آیات)
A sign. More specifically, a verse in the Quran.
Āyatullāh (آیة الله, also spelled Ayatollah)
Sign of God Title given to highly ranked religious scholars in Shia sect.
B

Baghawat
insurgency against a legitimate government
Baia
(بیعة) : See Bay‘ah
Baatil
see Bātil
Baitullāh (بیت الله baytullāh)
A mosque, literally "house of God". Specifically means the Kaaba at Makkah (Mecca).
Barakah (برکة)
a form of blessing.
BarakAllahu Feekum
may Allah bless you; response to expression of thanks.
Barzakh (برزخ)
Barrier. Used in the Quran to describe the barrier between sweet and salty water. In theology, the one-way barrier between the mortal realm and the spirit world which the deceased soul crosses and waits for qiyamah judgment.
Basher (بشر)
Human(s). Literally means face but generally it refers to a person (man/woman).
Baṣīrah (بصیرة)
Insight, discernment, perceptivity, deep knowledge. Sometimes used by Sufis to denote the ability to directly perceive a transcendental Truth.
Bātil
(باطل) : void
Batin
The interior or hidden meaning. A person who devotes himself to studying such hidden meanings is a batini.
B.B.H.N.
Blessed be His Name - acronym for S.A.W.S. - see P.B.U.H (Peace Be Upon Him).
Bid‘ah (بدعة)
Innovation in religion, i.e. inventing new methods of worship. Bad Bidahs in Islam are considered a deviation and a serious sin by many Muslims.
Bidah sayyiah
Inquiry prohibited in Islam.
Bismi-llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi (بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم)
"In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful".
Burda (بردة)
not an Arabic term; means "curtain" in Persian. Means covering or to cover.
Bay‘ah (بیعة)
an oath of allegiance to a leader, traditionally the Caliph or Imam.
C

Caliph (خلیفة khalīfah)
literally successor; refers to the successor of the Prophet Muhammad, the ruler of an Islamic theocracy.
D

Dahri
atheist - from the root ad dahr meaning time. In Islam, atheists are seen as those who think that time only destroys, hence the term ad dahriyyah for the concept of atheism.
Dajjal (دجّال)
an Islamic figure similar to the Antichrist; means "liar" or "deceiver".
Dallal (ضلال)
going astray.
Dar alAhd (دار العهد)
the Ottoman Empires relationship with its Christian tributary states.
Dar al-Amn (دار الأمن)
means house of safety; refers to status of a Muslim living in some of the Western world.
Dar ad-Dawa (دار الدعوة)
a region where Islam has recently been introduced.
Dar al-Harb (دار الحرب)
means house of war; refers to areas outside Muslim rule at war with Muslim states.
Dar al-Islam (دار الإسلام)
the abode, or land, of Islam.
Dar al-Kufr (دار الکفر)
means domain of disbelief; the term originally refers to the Quraish-dominated society of Mecca between Prophet Mohammeds flight to Medina (the Hijra) and the citys conquest.
Dar as-Sulh ( دارالصلح )
domain of agreement
Dar ash-Shahada (دار الشهادة)
See Dar al-Amn
Darūd
blessing
Da‘wah (الدعوة)
the call to Islam, proselytizing.
Darwīš (درویش)
an initiate of the Sufi Path, one who practices Sufism
Dhikr
A devotional practice whereby the name of God is repeated in a rhythmical manner
Dhikr (ذکر) or zikr (in Persian/Urdu)
remembrance of God; spiritual exercise; Muslims believe that the primary function of prophets is to remind people of God.
Dhimmi (ذمّی) (pl. dhimam)
"Protected person"; Jews and Christians (and sometimes others, such as Buddhists, Sikhs, Hindus, and Zoroastrians), living in an Islamic state whose right to practice their religion is tolerated under Islamic law.
Dhuhr
the second obligatory daily prayer.
Dīn (الدین)
(literally religion) the way of life based on Islamic revelation; the sum total of a Muslims faith and practice. Dīn is often used to mean the faith and religion of Islam.
Diyyah (دیة)
fine for unintentional manslaughter.
Dua (دعاء)
personal prayer, supplication
Dhuhr (الظهر)
second salat prayer
Dunya (دنیا)
The physical Universe, as opposed to the Hereafter; sometimes spelled Dunia.
E

Ehtiaat (إحتیاط)
Also Ahwat. A Precaution, either obligatory or optional.
Ehtiaat-Mustahabbi
A preferred precaution.
Ehtiaat-Waajib
An obligatory precaution.
F

Fajarah (فجرة)
Wicked evil doers. Plural of "Fajir" (فاجر).
Fajr (فجر)
dawn, early morning, and the morning prayer. The time of the day when there is light in the horizon before sunrise.
Falāḥ (فلاح)
deliverance, salvation, well-being.
Falsafah (فلسفة)
"philosophy" The methods and content of Greek philosophy which were brought into Islam. A person who tries to interpret Islam through rationalist philosophy was called a faylasuf (فیلسوف), "philosopher".
Fanā (فناء)
Sufi term meaning extinction - to die to this life while alive. Having no existence outside of God.
Faqih (pl. fuqaha)
One who has a deep understanding of Islam, its laws, and jurisprudence. (see fiqh)
Al-Faraj
the return of the Shia Mahdi
Farḍ (فرض), plural Fara’id (فرأض) furud
a religious duty, or an obligatory action: praying 5 times a day is fard Neglecting a fard will result in a punishment in the hereafter. (See wajib)
Fard ayn ( فرض عین)
obligatory on every individual Muslim to aid in any way he can.
Fard kifayah (فرض کفایة)
an obligation on the Muslim community as a whole, from which some are freed if others take it up such as for jihad.
Fāsiq (فاسق)
anyone who has violated Islamic law; usually refers to one whose character has been corrupted (plural "fasiqun").
Fatiha
the short, opening sura of the Quran, which begins "In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. Praise be to God, the Lord of the Worlds..." These words hold an important place in Muslim liturgies and forms the core of the salat.
Fatwā (فتوى)
legal opinion of an (alim) binding on him and on those who follow his taqlid
Fi Amanillah
May Allah protect you. Said when a person departs.
Fiqh (فقه)
jurisprudence built around the shariah by custom (al-urf). Literally means "deep understanding", refers to understanding the Islamic laws. (see faqih)
Fi sabil Allah (فی سبیل الله)
for the sake of Allah; common Islamic expression for performing acts such as charity or Jihad and for qatlu (fighting in mortal combat for the sake of Allah)
Fitna (pl. fitan) (فتنة)
trial or tribulation; also refers to any period of disorder, such as a civil war, or the period of time before the end of the world or any civil strife.
Fiṭrah (فطرة)
innate disposition towards virtue, knowledge, and beauty. Muslims believe every child is born with fitrah.
Furqān (فرقان)
the criterion (of right and wrong, true and false); for example, the Quran as furqan.
Fuwaysiqah
vermin, evil from the root fasaqa meaning to deviate from the right way
G

Ghafara (غفر)
(verb in past tense) to forgive, to cover up (sins). A characteristic of God.
Ghaflah (غفلة)
heedlessness, forgetfulness of God, indifference
Ghayb (غیب)
the unseen, unknown.
Ghanimah
spoils of war, booty.
Ghasbi (غصب)
possessed unlawfully
Ghazi (غازى)
(archaic) roughly, "raider": a holy warrior; a mujahid
Ghusl (غسل)
full ablution of the whole body (see wudu). Ghusl janaba is the mandatory shower after having sexual discharge.
H

Hadath akbar
major ritual impurity which requires Niyyat for cleaning.
Hadath asghar
minor ritual impurity
Hadha min fadhle Rabbi (هَذَا مِن فَضْلِ رَبِّی)
Quranic expression and phrase meaning This is by the Grace of my Lord.
Hādī (هادی)
a guide, one who guides; A Muslim name for God is The Guide, or Al-Hadi.
Hadith (حدیث ḥadīth) plural ahādīth
literally "speech"; recorded saying or tradition of the Prophet Muhammad validated by isnad; with sira these comprise the sunnah and reveal shariah
Hadith Mashhoor
Well-known hadith; a hadith which reported by one, two, or more Companions from the Prophets or from another Companion, but has later become well-known and transmitted by an indefinite number of people during the first and second generation of Muslims.
Ḥāfiẓ (حافظ)
someone who knows the Quran by heart. Literal translation = memorizer or Protector.
Haid
menstruation
Hajj (الحجّ haj)
pilgrimage to Mecca. Sunnis regard this as the fifth Pillar of Islam
Hajj al Tamattu
performing `Umrah during the Hajj season, and on the Day of Tarwiah a pilgrim gets into the state of Ihram for Hajj. Before making Umrah, approach the Miqat and declare the intention. End by sacrificing an animal.
Hajj al Qiran
At Miqat, declare intention to perform both Hajj and `Umrah together. After throwing the Jamrah of Al-`Aqabah, and getting hair shaved or cut that take off his Ihram garments and sacrifice animal.
Hajj al Ifrad
At Miqat, declare intention for Hajj only. Maintain Ihram garments up to the Day of Sacrifice. No offering is required from him.
Hajjaj (حاجّ)
Pilgrim, one who has made the Hajj.
Ḥākim (حاکم)
a rulers or governors title; in some Muslim states, a judge. See Ahkam.
Hakimiya
(حاکمیة) sovereignty, governance.
Ḥalāl (حلال)
lawful, permitted, good, beneficial, praiseworthy, honourable. (See mustahabb, mandub)
Halaqa
A gathering or meeting for the primary purpose of learning about Islam.
Halq
Shaving of the head, particularly associated with pilgrimage to Mecca
Ḥanīf (حنیف)
pre-Islamic non-Jewish or non-Christian monotheists. Plural: ḥunafā (حنفاء).
Haqq (‍حق)
truth, reality, right, righteousness. Al-Haqq is one of 99 names of God.
Ḥarām (حرام)
sinful
Ḥaram (حرم)
sanctuary.
Ḥasan (حسن)
Good, beautiful, admirable. Also a categorization of a hadiths authenticity as "acceptable". (other categorizations include authenic and fabricated).
Hawaa (pl. ahwaa)
Vain or egotistical desire; individual passion; impulsiveness.
Hidāyah (هدایة)
guidance from God.
Ḥijāb (حجاب)
literally "cover". It describes the self-covering of the body for the purposes of modesty and dignity; broadly, a prescribed system of attitudes and behaviour regarding modesty and dignity. (See abayah, al-amira, burnuk, burqa, chador, jilbab, khimar, milfeh, niqab, purdah, shayla)
Hijra (الهجرة)
Muhammad and his followers emigration from Mecca to Medina. Literally, "migration". This holiday marks the beginning of the Muslim New Year on the first day of the month of Muharram. See Rabi Al-Awwal and abbreviation AH.
Hikmah
Literally this means "wisdom" and refers to the highest possible level of understanding attainable by a Muslim. In particular, it refers to the illuminative, mystical sort of wisdom that a Gnostic or Sufi might accomplish.
Ḥilāl (هلال)
Crescent moon Hilal (crescent moon)
Ḥimā (حمى)
wilderness reserve, protected forest, grazing commons, important to khalifa
Ḥizb (حزب)
One half of a juz, or roughly 1/60th of the Quran
Houri (حوریة ḥūrīya; pl. ḥūrīyāt حوریات)
beautiful and pure young men and women, that Muslims believe inhabit Paradise, or Heaven.
Hudā (هدى)
Guidance.
Hudna (هدنة)
Truce. Cease-fire (often temporary)
Ḥudūd (حدود) (sing. hadd)
Literally, limits or boundaries. Usually refers to limits placed by Allah on man; penalties of the Islamic law (sharia) for particular crimes described in the Quran - intoxication, theft, rebellion, adultery and fornication, false accusation of adultery, and apostasy. (See tazeer)
Ḥukm (حکم)
ruling in the Quran or Sunnah. Also spelled Hukum.
I

‘Ibādah (عبادة)
submission, worship, but not limited to ritual: all expressions of servitude to Allah, including the pursuit of knowledge, living a pious life, helping, charity, and humility, can be considered ibadah.
Iblīs (إبلیس)
a jinn banished to Hell for his arrogance and disobedience; aka Satan : derived from the Greek Diabolos or Devil He is the equivalent of Lucifer.
‘Id (عید)
festival or celebration. Alternatively tranliterated Eid.
‘Id ul-Adha (عید الأضحى)
"the Festival of Sacrifice." The four day celebration starting on the tenth day of Dhul-Hijja.
‘Id ul-Fitr (عید الفطر)
"the Festival of Fitr (Breaking the fast)." A religious festival that marks the end of the fast of Ramadan.
Idad Al-oda (إعداد العُدَّةِ)
"preparation for battle" according to Quran
Ifṭār (إفطار)
a meal eaten by Muslims breaking their fast after sunset during the month of Ramadan.
Iḥrām (إحرام)
state of consecration for hajj. Includes dress and or prayer.
Iḥsān (إحسان)
perfection in worship, such that Muslims try to worship God as if they see Him, and although they cannot see Him, they undoubtedly believe He is constantly watching over them.
Ijaz (إعجاز)
miracle, the character of the Quran in both form and content.
Ijazah (إجازة)
a certificate authorizing one to transmit a subject or text of Islamic knowledge
Ijmā‘ (إجماع)
the consensus of either the ummah (or just the ulema) - one of four bases of Islamic Law. More generally, political consensus itself. Shia substitute obedience to the Imam; opposite of ikhtilaf
Ijtihād (اجتهاد)
During the early times of Islam, the possibility of finding a new solution to a juridical problem. Has not been allowed in conservative Islam since the Middle Ages. However, Liberal movements within Islam generally argue that any Muslim can perform ijtihad, given that Islam has no generally accepted clerical hierarchy or bureaucratic organization. The opposite of ijtihad is taqlid (تقلید), Arabic for "imitation".
Ikhtilaf (اختلاف)
disagreement among the madhhabs (scholars) of a religious principle; opposite of ijma.
Ikraam (إکرام)
honouring, hospitality, generosity - Dhul jalaali wal ikraam is one of the 99 names of Allah.
Ikrah (إکراه)
mental or physical force.
Ilāh (إله)
deity, a god; including gods worshiped by polytheists.
‘Ilm (علم)
all varieties of knowledge, usually a synonym for science
Imām (إمام)
literally, leader; e.g. a man who leads a community or leads the prayer; the Shia sect use the term only as a title for one of the twelve Allah-appointed successors of Prophet Muhammad.
Imamah (إمامة) or imamate
successorship of Prophet Muhammad and the leadership of mankind.
Imān (إیمان)
personal faith
Innaa Lillaahi Wa Innaa Ilayhi Raajioon
To Allah we belong and to Him is our return - said to mourners
Infāq (إنفاق)
the habitual inclination to give rather than take in life; the basis for charity
Injīl (الإنجیل)
Arabic term for the holy book called The Gospel said to have been given to Jesus, who is known as Isa in Arabic; Muslims believe the holy book has been lost and the New Testament gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) are not the word of Allah, only Christian stories about Jesus.
InshaAllah (إن شاء الله)
If it is Gods will; Inshallah is "resigned, accepting, neutral, passive. It is neither optimistic nor pessimistic."
Iqamah (إقامة)
the second call to prayer. Similar to the azhan.
Irtidad (ارتداد)
apostasy (see murtadd). Also riddah ردة
‘Īsā (عیسى)
Jesus - Isa ibn Maryam (English: Jesus son of Mary), a matronymic (since he had no biological father. The Quran asserts that Allah has no sons and therefore, Isa is not the son of Allah. Muslims honor Isa as a nabi and rasul.
‘Ishā (عشاء)
night; the fifth salat prayer
Islam (الإسلام) (help·info)
"submission to God". The Arabic root word for Islam means submission, obedience, peace, and purity.
Isnād (إسناد)
chain of transmitters of any given hadith
Isra (الإسراء)
the night journey during which Muhammad (محمّد)is said to have visited Heaven. See miraj.
Istighfar (استغفار)
requesting forgiveness
Istihada (استحاضة)
vaginal bleeding except Haid and Nifas
Istislah (استصلاح)
public interest - a source of Islamic Law.
Istishhād (استشهاد)
martyrdom.
Itaqu
The faithful who fear Allah.
Ithim (إثم)
Negative reward for bad deeds that is tallied on qiyamah(judgment day.) Opposite of thawab.
Itikaf
seclusion in the masjid for the purpose of worship usually performed during the last 10 days of Ramadan.
Itmām al-hujjah (إتمام الحجة)
clarification of truth in its ultimate form.
J

Jaaiz (جائز)
That which is allowed or permissible. As a rule, everything that is not prohibited is allowed. (See halal, mustahabb, mandub)
Jahannam (جهنم)
the Hell-fire; Hell
Jāhiliyyah (الجاهلیّة)
the time of ignorance before Islam was realized. Describes polytheistic religions.
Jahl (جهل)
ignorance, arrogance.
Jalsa - sitting.
Jāmi‘ah (جامعة)
"gathering"; i.e. a university, a mosque, or more generally, a community or association.
Janaba(جنابة )
A state of spiritual impurity that occur due to sexual intercourse or ejaculation and necessitates major ritual ablution (ghusl),
Janaza (جنازة)
funeral prayer
Jannah (جنة)
Paradise, Heaven, the Garden
Jazakallahu Khayran (جزاک الله خیر)
"May God reward you for the good." Islamic expression of gratitude.
Jihād (جهاد)
struggle. Any earnest striving in the way of God, involving personal, physical, for righteousness and against wrongdoing;
Jihād al Saghir
Offensive jihad declared by caliph.
Jihād al talab
Offensive jihad.
Jihād al daf’a
Defensive jihad.
Jihād bil mal
Financial jihad.
Jihād bis saif ( جهاد بسیف)
literally struggle by the sword; holy war.
Jilbāb (جلباب)
(pl. jalabib) a long, flowing, garment worn by some as a more conservative means of fulfillment of sartorial hijab. (See also: abaya. burka, chador)
Jinn (جنّ)
An invisible being of fire
Jizya (جزیة)
A tax specified in the Koran (9:29) to be paid by non-Muslim males living under Muslim political control.
Juhud
To deny. Jaahid (the denier). Disbelief out of rejection. When there comes to them that which they have recognized, they refuse to believe in (kafaru) it. ( 2:89) Accordingly, juhud includes rejection (kufr at-taktheeb) and resistance (kufr al-‘inaad)
Jumu‘ah (جمعة)
Friday prayer
Junub
an unclean state of body as in breaking Wudu
Janabat
an unclean state of body caused by discharge of semen or sexual intercourse
Juz (جزء)
one of thirty parts of the Quran
K

Ka‘bah (الکعبة)
cube-house; the cube-shaped building i.e. in Mecca toward which Muslims pray.
Kāfir (کافر kāfir sing.; کفّار kuffār pl.)
from the word kafara - "to hide." Those who deliberately hide the truth; unbelievers, truth-concealers; one who is ungrateful. Plural: Kāfirūn. Extreme care ought to be taken with this word, as it is was (and is) occasionally misused as an offensive term for black people by white South Africans.
Kalam (علم الکلم)
Literally, “words” or “speech,” and referring to oration. The name applied to the discipline of philosophy and theology concerned specifically with the nature of faith, determinism and freedom, and the nature of the divine attributes.
Khair (خیر)
Every kind of good
Khalīfah (خلیفة)
Caliph, more generally, one performing the duties of khilafa.
Khalil (خلیل)
devoted friend
Khalq
Creation - the act of measuring; determining, estimating and calculating. Khalq is the noun form of the verb khalaqa (see bara, sawwara).
Al-khaliq
The Creator, Allah.
Khamr (خمر)
Intoxicant, wine.
Khāṭib (خطیب)
the speaker at the Friday Muslim prayer, or Jumuah prayer.
Khatm
Complete recitation of the Quran.
Kharāj (خراج)
a land tax.
Khayr
goodness. See birr (righteousness) See qist (equity) See adl (equilibrium and justice) See haqq (truth and right) See maruf (known and approved) See taqwa (piety.)
Khilaaf
Controversy, dispute, discord.
Khilāfah (خلافة)
Mans trusteeship and stewardship of Earth; Most basic theory of the Caliphate; Flora and fauna as sacred trust; Accountability to; God for harms to nature, failure to actively care and maintain. Three specific ways in which khalifa is manifested in Muslim practice are the creation of haram to protect water, hima to protect other species (including those useful to man), and by resisting infidel domination over Muslim lands, in jihad.
Khalīfāt Rashīdūn
four first caliphs, believed by most Muslims to be most righteous rulers in history
Khimār (خمار) (pl. khumur)
headcovering (Q. 24:31).
Khitan (ختان)
Male circumcision.
Khuluq
ethics
Khushu - humility, devotion, concentration (especially in prayer).
Khuṭbah (خطبة)
the sermon at Jumuah prayer.
Kibr - pride, arrogance
Kibar - old age
Kitāb (کتاب)
book; The Quran is often referred to as "Al-Kitāb" (The Book).
Kufr (کفر)
In Arabic - ungratefulness and disbelief in God and denial of the truth. See Kafir and Kuffar
Kufrul-hukmi
Disbelief from judgment.
Kufrul-Inaad
Disbelief out of stubbornness
Kufrul-Inkaar
Disbelief out of arrogance and pride.
Kufrul-Istibdaal
Disbelief because of trying to substitute Allaahs Laws.
Kufrul-Istihaal
Disbelief out of trying to make HARAM into HALAL.
Kufrul-Istihzaha
Disbelief due to mockery and derision
Kufrul jahli
Disbelief from not being aware of or not understanding.
Kufrul-juhudi
Disbelief from obstinacy after being presented with truth.
Kufrul-Nifaaq
Disbelief out of hypocrisy.
Kufrul-Iraadh
Disbelief due to avoidance.
Kun (کن)
Gods command to the universe, Be! is sufficient to create it.
L

Lā ilāha ill-Allāh (لاإله إلا الله)
"There is none worthy of worship other than God." The most important expression in Islam. It is part of the first pillar of Islam. Also is the message of all the Prophets, such as Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad.
Labbayk Allahuma ()
God, I obey you (said during hajj)
Laghw (لغو)
Dirty, false, evil vain talk
La‘nah (لعنة)
Imploration for withdrawal of Gods mercy
Laylat al-Qadr (لیلة القدر)
the Night of Power, towards the end of Ramadan, when Muhammad received the first revelation of the Quran.
M

Madrasah (مدرسة)
school, university
Maghrib (مغرب)
the fourth daily salat prayer
Mahdi (مهدی)
"a guide". More specifically al-Mahdi (the guide) is a figure who will appear with Prophet Jesus before the end of time, when God allows it, to bring world peace, order and justice, after it has been overcome with injustice and aggression.
Mahdur ad-damm
he whose blood must be wasted
Mahram (محرم)
a relative of the opposite gender usually described as being "within the forbidden limits"; a better description is "within the protected limits". means relatives who one can appear before without observing hijab and who one cannot marry.
Makrūh
Means "detested", though not haraam (forbidden); something that is disliked or offensive. If a person commits the Makruh, he does not accumulate ithim but avoiding the Makhruh is rewarded with thawab.
Malā’ikah (ملائکة)
angels (Sing. Malak). It was one of these malaika, Jibril (Gabriel) who delivered Allahs revelation to Muhammad.
Ma malakat aymanukum (ما ملکت أیمانکم)
ones rightful spouse (literally: what your right hands possess)
Manasik
the rules specifying the requirements of a legally valid hajj
Mandub
commendable or recommended. Failure to do it would not be a sin. (See halal mustahabb)
Manhaj (منهج)
the methodology by which truth is reached
Mansukh
That which is abrogated. The doctrine of al-Nasikh wal-Mansukh (abrogation) of certain parts of the Quranic revelation by others. The principle is mentioned in the Quran (2:106) see naskh.
Manzil (منزل)
one of seven equal parts of the Quran.
Ma‘rūf (معروف)
consensus of the community
Maqaṣid (مقصد)
goals or purposes; such as the purposes of Islamic law
Masaleh (مصلحةمة): public interests
Masha Allah (ما شاء الله)
Allah has willed it.
Masīḥ (مسیح)
the (Biblical) Messiah, Jesus Christ.
Masjid (مسجد) pl. masājid, مساجد
place of prayer; mosque
Masjid al-Haram
the area around the Kaaba.
Mathhab (مذهب)
(pl. Madhahib) school of religious jurisprudence, school of thought;Mawali or mawala (موالی): Non-Arab Muslims
Mawlā (pl. mawli)
protector or supporter.
Mawlānā (مولانا)
an Arabic word literally meaning "our lord" or "our master". It is used mostly as a title preceding the name of a respected religious leader, in particular graduates of religious institutions. The term is sometimes used to refer to Rumi.
Maulvi (مولوی)
an honorific Islamic religious title often, but not exclusively, given to Muslim religious scholars or Ulema preceding their names. Maulvi generally means any religious cleric or teacher.
Mecca (مکّة Makkah)
the holiest city in Islam
Medina (مدینة Madīnah)
"city"; Medinat-un-Nabi means "the City of the Prophet." See Hijra (Islam).
Mi‘ād (معاد)
the Resurrection; God will resurrect all of humankind to be judged. Shias regard this as the fifth Pillar of Islam.
Mihrab (محراب)
a niche in the wall of all mosques, indicating the direction of prayer
Millah
In Arabic, millah means "religion," but it has only been used to refer to religions other than Islam, which is din.
Millet
In an Islamic state, "Ahl al Kitab" may continue to practice their former religion in a semi-autonomous community termed the millet.
Minaret (منارة)
a tower built onto a mosque from the top of which the call to prayer is made
Minbar (منبر)
a raised pulpit in the mosque where the Imam stands to deliver sermons
Minhaj (منهج)
methodology, e.g. methods, rules, system, procedures.
Miqat (میقات )
intended place
Miraj (المعراج)
the Ascension to the Seven Heavens during the Night Journey See also: isra
Muadhdhin (مأذن)
a person who performs the call to prayer
Muahadat (معاهدات)
treaties
Mu‘awwidhatayn (المعوذتین)
suras Al-Falaq and an-Nas, the "Surahs of refuge", should be said to relieve suffering (also protect from Black Magic)
Mubāḥ (مباح)
literally permissible; neither forbidden nor commended. Neutral. (See halal)
Mubaligh (مبلغ)
person who recites Quran
Mufa’khathat
placing between the thighs
Muftī (مفتى)
an Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law (Sharia), capable of issuing fataawa (plural of "fatwa").
Muhajabah (محجبة)
woman who wears hijab (polite form of hijabi).
Muhakkamat
unequivocal verses of Quran. (See mutashabehat.)
Muharebeh (محاربة)
a person who wages war against God
Muhammadun rasulullah
"Muhammad is the messenger of God." This statement is the second part of the first pillar of Islam. This is the second most important statement in Islam.
Mufsidūn (مفسدون)
evil-doer a person who wages jihad (war) not in accordance with the Quran. Plural mufsideen.
Muhsin (محسن)
a person who performs good deed. Plural muhsineen. Opposite of Mufsidun.
Muhājirūn (مهاجرون)
The first Muslims that accompanied Muhammad when he traveled to Medina.
Muhartiq (مهرطق)
heretic.
Mujāhid (مجاهد)
a fighter for Islam. Plural mujahidīn.
Mujtahid (مجتهد)
a scholar who uses reason for the purpose of forming an opinion or making a ruling on a religious issue. Plural: Mujtahidun.
Mullah (ملا)
are Islamic clergy. Ideally, they should have studied the Quran, Islamic traditions (hadith), and Islamic law (fiqh).
Mū’min (مؤمن)
A Muslim who observes the commandments of the Quran.
Munafiq (منفق)
hypocrite. Plural: Munafiqun
Muntaqabah (منتقبة) pl. muntaqabāt (منتقبات)
woman who wears niqab
Murabaha
a type of sharia-compliant mortgage (see Ijara)
Murshid (مرشد)
a Sufi teacher
Murtadd (مرتد) female apostate is Murtadah
apostate (see irtidad see mahdur ad-damm.)
Mushaf
a copy, codex or redaction of the Quran.
Mushrik (pl. mushrikoon)
One who associates others in worship with God; a polytheist.
Muslim (مسلم)
a follower of the religion of Islam. One who submits their will to Allah (God)
Mustaḥabb (مستحبّ)
commendable or recommended. (See halal, mandub)
Mut‘ah (متعه)
literally joy; a type of temporary marriage practiced only by the Shī‘ah; or a practice between ‘Umrah and Ḥajj.
Mutashabehat
equivocal verses of Quran. (See Muhakkamat.)
Mutasibūn (متعصبین)
fanatics
Mutaween (مطوعین) (singular mutawa)
Religious police.
Mutawātir (متواتر)
"agreed upon"--used to describe hadith that were narrated by many witnesses through different narration chains (isnads) leading back to Muhammad
N

Nabī (نبی)
literally, prophets. In the Islamic context, a Nabi is a man sent by God to give guidance to man, but not given scripture. The Prophet Abraham was a Nabi. This is in contrast to Rasul, or Messenger. Plural: Anbiya. See: Rasul.
Nafs (النفس)
soul, the lower self, the ego/id
Nafila
An optional, supererogatory practice of worship, in contrast to farida
Najāsah
Impurity
Najasat (نجاسة), Najis (نجس)
an unclean thing
Naji
impure
Nakir and Munkar (نکیر و منکر)
two malaikah who test the faith of the dead in their graves
Naqîra (نقیرا)
speck on the back of a date stone
Nasīha
advice
Naskh (نسخ)
The doctrine of al-Nasikh wal-Mansukh (abrogation) of certain parts of the Quranic revelation by others. The principle is mentioned in the Quran (2:106) see mansukh.
Nass (نصّ)
a known, clear legal injunction
Nifas
the bleeding after childbirth (see Haid)
Nifaq (نفاق)
falsehood; dishonesty; hipocrisy
Nikah (النکاح)
the matrimonial contract between a bride and bridegroom within Islamic marriage
Niqāb (نقاب)
veil covering the face
Niyyat (نیة)
intention
Nubuwwah (نبوّة)
prophethood. Shias regard this as the third Pillar of Islam.
Nukra
a great munkar - prohibited, evil, dreadful thing.
Nūr (نور)
light. Muslims believe angels were created from light and jinn from fire.
P

P.B.U.H.
an acronym that stands for "peace be unto him" a blessing which is affixed to Muhammads name whenever it is written. In some circles and English writings, Sufis regard PBUH to signify "Peace and Blessings Upon Him" (the Rasul or Messenger of Allah). These are the primary English explications of the P.B.U.H. acronym. The Arabic version is S.A.W.
Prophet
A person who has had messages from Allah. (see nabi).
Q

Qadhf (قذف)
false imputation of unchastity specifically punished by sharia.
Qadar
predestination.
Qādī (قاضی)
judge of Islamic Law
Qalb (قلب)
Heart
Qiblah
the direction Muslims face during prayer
Qitaal fee sybil Allah ( وقاتلوا فی سبیل الله )
fight in the cause of Allah.
Qiyāmah
resurrection; return of the dead for the Day of Judgment
Qiṣāṣ (قصاص)
equitable retribution - a fine for murder if the heirs forgive the perpetrator. (See hudud, tazeer)
Qiyam
to stand, a position of salah prayer
Qiyās (القیاس)
analogy - foundation of legal reasoning and thus fiqh
Qudsī
classification of a hadith that are believed to be narrated by Muhammad from God.
Qurbat
closeness to God. Term is associated with Sufism.
Quran (القرآن)
The word Quran means recitation. Muslims believe the Quran (Koran) to be the literal word of God and the culmination of Gods revelation to mankind, revealed to prophet Muhammad in the year AD 610 in the cave Hira by the angel Jibril.
R

Rabb (ربّ)
Lord, Sustainer, Cherisher, Master.
R. A., Radiyallahu anhu
May Allah be pleased with him. Variants are anha (her) and anhum (them).
Rahman (رحمن)
Merciful; Ar-Rahman (الرحمن) means "The Most Merciful"
Rahim (رحیم)
compassionate; Ar-Rahim (الرحیم) means "The Most Compassionate" as in the Basmala
Rajm (رجم)
the practice of stoning
Rakaah
one unit of Islamic prayer, or Salat. Each daily prayer is made up of a different number of rakaah.
Ramadhan
month of fasting when the Quran was first revealed
Rashidun
Sunnis consider the first four caliphs as the "orthodox" or "rightly guided" caliphs. They were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali.
Rasul (رسول)
messenger; Unlike prophets (Nabi), messengers are given scripture. Moses, David, Jesus and Mohammed are considered messengers. All messengers are considered prophets, but not all prophets are given scripture. See: Nabi.
Riba (ربا)
interest, the charging and paying of which is forbidden by the Quran
Ribat
Guarding Muslims from infidels
Riddah (ردة)
apostasy, in which a person abandons Islam for another faith or no faith at all.
Risalah (رِسَالَة)
literally, message or letter. Used both in common parlance for mail correspondences, and in religious context as divine message.
Ruh (روح)
spirit; the divine breath which God blew into the clay of Adam.
Rukn plural arkan
means what is inevitable. One of the five pillars of Islam. (See fard, wajib)
Ruku
the bowing performed during salat.
S

Sabb
blasphemy: insulting God (sabb Allah) or Muhammad (sabb al-rasul or sabb al-nabī).
Ṣabr
patience, endurance, self-restraint
Sadaqah (صدقة)
charity; voluntary alms above the amount for zakat.
Sahabah (الصحابه) (sing. Sahābi)
companions of Muhammad. A list of the best-known Companions can be found at List of companions of Muhammad.
Sahih
"Sound in isnad." A technical attribute applied to the "isnad" of a hadith.
Sakina
divine "tranquility" or "peace" which descends upon a person when the Quran is recited.
Salaf (السلف الصالح)
(righteous) predecessors/ancestors. In Islam, Salaf is generally used to refer to the first three generations of Muslims. Anyone who died after this is one of the khalaf or "latter-day Muslims".
Ṣalah (صلاة) sala(t)
any one of the daily five obligatory prayers. Sunnis regard this as the second Pillar of Islam
Salaat al-Istikharah
Prayer for guidance is done in conjunction with two rakaahs of supererogatory prayer.
Salām (سلام)
peace (see sulh)
Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam (صلى الله علیه و سلم)
"May Allah bless him and grant him peace." The expression should be used after stating Prophet Muhammads name. See abbreviation: S.A.W. or S.A.W.S. also P.B.U.H.
Samad
eternal, absolute; Muslims believe Allah is "The Eternal."
Salsabil
a river in heaven (al-firdaus)
Sawa
awakening, revival
S.A.W. (or S.A.W.S.)
Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam (صلى الله علیه و سلم). See P.B.U.H.
Ṣawm (صَوم)
fasting during the month of Ramadhan. The word sawm is derived from Syriac sawmo.
Sayyid (سیّد)
(in everyday usage, equivalent to Mr.) a descendant of a relative of Muhammad, usually via Husayn.
Sema
refer to some of the ceremonies used by various sufi orders
Shahādah (الشهادة)
The testimony of faith: La ilaha illa Allah. Muhammadun rasulullah. ("There is no god but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."). Sunnis regard this as the first Pillar of Islam. Also may be used as a synonym for the term Istishhād meaning martyrdom.
Shahīd (شهید) pl. shuhada (شهداء)
witness, martyr. Usually refers to a person killed whilst fighting in "jihad fee sybil Allah" (jihad for the sake of Allah). Often used in modern times for deaths in a political cause (including victims of soldiers, deaths in battle, et cetera) which are viewed by some Muslims as a spiritual cause not just a political cause. But the real meaning of Jihad is to defend Islam in any way; thus, it could be in an economic way or could refer to fighting for the rights of the oppressed or the believers; most often it refers to mastering ones own inclination for evil and shirk.
Shaykh (شیخ)
a spiritual master, Muslim clergy
Sharī‘ah (الشریعة)
"the path to a watering hole"; the eternal ethical code and moral code based on the Quran and Sunnah; basis of fiqh
Sharīf (شریف)
a title bestowed upon the descendants of Muhammad through Hasan, son of his daughter Fatima Zahra and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib
Shaytan (شیطان)
Satan, the Devil; also known as Iblis
Shī‘ah (الشیعة)
A branch of Islam who believe in Imam Ali and his sons (Hassan and Hussayn) as custodians of Islam by the will of the Prophet Mohammed.
Shirk (شرک)
idolatry; polytheism; the sin of believing in any divinity except God and of associating other gods with God.
Shūrā (شورى)
consultation
Majlis ash-shūrā (مجلس الشورى)
advisory council in a Caliphate
Sidrat al-Muntaha (سدرة المنتهى )
a lotus tree that marks the end of the seventh heaven, the boundary where no creation can pass.
Sirah (السیرة)
life or biography of the Prophet Muhammad; his moral example - with hadith this comprises the sunnah
Sirat al-Mustaqim
the Straight Path
Subah Sadiq
true dawn
Subhanahu wa taala (abbreviated S.W.T.)
expression used following written name or vocalization of Allah in Arabic meaning highly praised and glorified is He.
Subhanallah
"Glory to God" -- this phrase is often used when praising God or exclaiming awe at His attributes, bounties, or creation.
Ṣūfī (صوفی)
a Muslim mystic; See: Sufism (tasawwuf).
Suhūr
the meal eaten by fasting Muslims just before dawn.
Sujud(سجود)
kneeling down, a position of salat.
Sukuk (صکوک)
bond that generates revenue from sales, profits, or leases rather than interest.
Sulh (صلح)
is derived from the Arabic word musalaha it is a tool at the disposal of an Islamic commander to be offered to the enemy as a respite from military Jihad. (see hudna)
Sunnah (السنّة) or sunnah al-Nabi (سنّة النبی)
the "path" or "example" of the Prophet Muhammad, i.e., what the Prophet did or said or agreed to during his life. He is considered by Muslims to be the best human moral example, the best man to follow.
Sunnat
an act which the Prophets performed; not required but carries much reward
Sunni (سنّی)
the largest denomination of Islam. The word Sunni comes from the word Sunnah (Arabic: سنة), which means the words and actions or example of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.
Sūrah (سورة)
chapter; the Quran is composed of 114 suras
T

Taalaa (تعالى)
Almighty
Tabaīn (تابعون|تابعین)
followers of the Sahabah
Tafsīr (تفسیر)
exegesis, particularly such commentary on the Quran
Taghut (طاغوت) (taghout)
originally Aramaic, meaning "false god"; also tyranny.
Tahajjud (تهجُّد)
optional (supererogatory), late-night (pre-dawn) prayer
Taharah (طهارة)
purification from ritual impurities by means of wudu or ghusl
Tahir (طاهر)
pure, ritually clean
Tahlil
Uttering the formula of faith: "La ilaha illa Allah", i.e. (No god but Allah)
Tahnik
Tahnik is an Islamic ceremony of touching the lips of a newborn baby with honey, sweet juice or pressed dates.
Taḥrīf (تحریف)
corruption, forgery. Muslims believe the Bible Scriptures were corrupted but the Quran is in its original form.
Tajdīd (تجدید)
to purify and reform society in order to move it toward greater equity and justice, literally meaning to make new in present tense
Tajdif (تجدیف)
blasphemy
Tajwīd (تجوید)
a special manner of reciting the Quran according to prescribed rules of pronunciation and intonation.
Takaful ( التکتاقل)
Based on sharia Islamic law, it is a form of mutual insurance. See retakaful.
Takbīr (تکبیر)
a proclamation of the greatness of Allah; a Muslim invocation.
Takfir (تکفیر)
declaration of individual or group of previously considered Muslim as kaffir.
Tamaninat (طمأنینة)
to be motionless
Takhrīj (تخریج الحدیث )
The science of hadith extraction and authentication, including validation of chains of transmitters of a hadith by this sciences scholars and grading hadith validity.
Talaq (الطلاق)
divorce
Taqdir
fate, predestination
Taqlīd (تقلید)
to follow the scholarly opinion of one of the four Imams of Islamic Jurispudence.
Taqiyya (تقیّة)
a principle that one is allowed to hide his true beliefs in certain circumstances to save himself of being killed or harmed.
Taqwa (تقوى)
righteousness; goodness; Piety: Taqwa is taken from the verbe Ittaqua, which means Avoiding, Fearing the punishment from Allah for committing sins. It is piety obtained by fearing the punishment of Allah.
Tarawih (تراویح)
extra prayers in Ramadan after the Isha prayer.
Tarkīb (تَرْکِیب)
the study of Arabic grammar issued from the Quran
Ṭarīqah (طریقة)
a Muslim religious order, particularly a Sufi order
Tartīl (ترتیل)
slow, meditative recitation of the Quran
Tasawwuf (التصوّف) or Sufism
Tasbih
Uttering the formula: "Subhan Allah", i.e. (Glory be to Allah)
Tashkīl (تشکیل)
vocalization of Arabic text by means of diacritical marks. An integral part of the Arabic writing system. Literally meaning to form or arrange
Taslim (تسلیم)
salutation at the end of prayer
Tatbeer
Shia Ashura ceremony of self-flagellation by hitting head with sword. (See zinjeer)
Tawakul (توکُّل)
total reliance on Allah.
Tawassul (توسُّل)
asking Allah Almighty through the medium and intercession of another person.
Tawaf (طواف)
circumambulating the Kabah during Hajj.
Tawbah (توبه)
repentance
Tawhīd (توحید)
monotheism; affirmation of the Oneness of Allah. Muslims regard this as the first part of the Pillar of Islam, the second part is accepting Muhammad as rasoul (messenger). The opposite of Tawheed is shirk
Tawrat (توراة)
the Torah as revealed to Musa (Moses.)
Tayyib (طیِّب)
all that is good as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons, foods, etc. Means "pure." The Shahaddath is tayyib.
Tazeer (تعزیر)
Discretionary punishment - a sentence or punishment whose measure is not fixed by the Shariah. (See hudud, qisas)
Tazkiyah (تزکیة)
Purification of the Soul.
Thawab (ثواب)
Reward for good deeds that is tallied on qiyamah (judgment day.) Opposite of ithim.
Tilawa (تلاوة)
ritual recitation of passages of the Quran.
U

Ubudiyah
worship
Udhiyah
sacrifice
‘Ulamā’ (علماء) or ulema
the leaders of Islamic society, including teachers, Imams and judges. Singular alim.
Ummah (الاُمّة) or umma
(literally nation) the global community of all Muslim believers
‘Umrah (عمرة)
the lesser pilgrimage performed in Mecca. Unlike hajj, ‘umrah can be performed throughout the year.
Uqubat
the branch of sharia that deals with punishment. (See hudud, qisas, tazeer)
‘Urf (عرف)
custom of a given society, leading to change in the fiqh
Usul (sing. asl)
Principles, origins.
Usul al-Fiqh
the study of the origins and practice of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh)
W

Wa ‘Alaykum as-Salaam (و علیکم السلام)
Wa ‘Alaykum as-Salaam!, meaning "and upon you be peace". (see As-Salamu Alaykum)
Wafat
death (Barah-wafat) Muhammad was born on the twelfth day of Rabi-ul-Awwal, the third month of the Muslim year. His death anniversary also falls on the same day, the word barah standing for the twelve days of Muhammads sickness.
Waḥdat al-wujūd (وحدة الوجود)
"unity of being". Philosophical term used by some Sufis. Related to fanaa
Wahy (وحی)
revelation or inspiration of God to His prophets for all humankind
Wahn
love of this life and hatred of death
Wajib (واجب)
obligatory or mandatory see fard
Wali (ولی)
friend, protector, guardian, supporter, helper
Waqf (وقف)
An endowment of money or property: the return or yield is typically dedicated toward a certain end, for example, to the maintenance of the poor, a family, a village, or a mosque. Plural: Awqaf.
Warrāq (ورّاق)
traditional scribe, publisher, printer, notary and book copier
Wasat
the middle way, justly balanced, avoiding extremes, moderation
Waseelah
the means by which one achieves nearness to Allah (see tawassul )
Witr (وتر)
a voluntary, optional night prayer of odd numbers rakaats.
Wudhu` (الوضوء)
ablution for ritual purification from minor impurities before salat (see ghusl)
Y

Ya Allah (یا الله)
O, God!
Ya Rasool Allah (یارسول الله)
O, Messenger of God!. Term used by companions when interacting with Prophet Mohammad.
Yajooj-wa-Majooj (ماجوج و یاجوج )
Gog and Magog
Yaqin (یقین)
certainty, that which is certain
Yarhamuk-Allah (یرحمک الله)
"May God have mercy on you", said when someone sneezes; the same as "(God) bless you" in English
Allah Yerhamo (الله یرحمه, fem. yerhama)
"May God have mercy of his/her soul", (said when someone dies)
Yaum al-Deen (یوم الدین)
Day of Reckoning, Awe
Yaum al-Ghadab (یوم الغضب)
Day of Rage, Wrath
Yawm ul-Qiyāmah (یوم القیامة)
"Day of the Resurrection"; Day of Judgement
Z

Zabur (زبور)
the Psalms revealed to King Daoud (David)
Zabiha (ذَبِیْحَة) see dhabiha
Islamic method of slaughtering an animal. Using a sharp knife the animals windpipe, throat and blood vessels of the neck are severed without cutting the spinal cord to ensure that the blood is thoroughly drained before removing the head. See halal
Zahir
Exterior meaning
Zaidi (الزیدیة)
Islamic sub-sect of Shiah, popularly found in Yemen, with similarities to Sunni
Zakat (زکاة), Al-Maal
tax, alms, tithe as a Muslim duty; Sunnis regard this as the fourth Pillar of Islam. Neither charity nor derived from Islamic economics, but a religious duty and social obligation.
Zakat (زکاة) Al-Fitr
Zalimun (ظالمون)
polytheists, wrong-doers, and unjust.
Zandaqa (زندقة)
heresy
Zināa (زناء, زنى)
sexual activity outside of marriage (covering the English words adultery and fornication)
Zindiq (زندیق)
heretic, atheist
Zulfiqar (ذو الفقار)
Sword of Ali, presented to him by Muhammad
Notes

Arabic words are created from three-letter "roots" which convey a basic idea. For example, k-t-b conveys the idea of writing. Addition of other letters before, between, and after the root letters produces many associated words: not only "write" but also "book", "office", "library", and "author". The abstract consonantal root for Islam is s-l-m.
Some Islamic concepts are usually referred to in Persian or Turkic. Those are typically of later origin than the concepts listed here; for completeness it may be best to list Persian terms and those unique to Shia on their own page, likewise Turkic terms and those unique to the Ottoman period on their own page, as these are culturally very distinct.
The word "crusade" in English is usually translated in Arabic as "Hamlah Ssaleebiyah" which means literally "campaign of Cross-holders" (or close to that meaning). In Arabic text it is "حملة صلیبیة" and the second word comes from "Ssaleeb" which means "cross."
The verses in the Quran that Christians usually refer to as jihad verses have the phrase "qitl fee sybil Allah" (fight/kill for the sake of Allah).
See also

99 Names of God
List of English words of Arabic origin
List of Christian terms in Arabic
Prophets of Islam
Islamic eschatology
References

^ USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
^ a b c "The Islamic glossary: An explanation of names, terms and Symbols". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
^ Bakri H. S. Al-Azzam. Certain Terms Relating to Islamic Observances: Their Meanings with Reference to Three Translations of the Qur’an and a Translation of Hadith. Universal-Publishers. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-59942-668-6.
^ Quintan Wiktorowicz. Radical Islam rising: Muslim extremism in the West. Rowman & Littlefield, 2005. ISBN 0-7425-3641-6, ISBN 978-0-7425-3641-8. Pg 18
^ Charles Hu Winstead, B.A. in Writing, University of Tennessee, Editor and Publisher of The American Vampire Horror Writers Group, and attendee of certain Circles in Kansas City, MO and Seattle, WA.
Further reading

Suzanne Haneef, What Everyone Should Know about Islam and Muslims, (Kazi Publications, Chicago), popular introduction
Muzaffar Haleem, The Sun is Rising In the West, (Amana Publications, Beltsville, MD 1999).
Ziauddin Sardar, Muhammad for Beginners, Icon Books, 1994, some sloppiness, from very modern Sufi point of view.
Hans Wehr, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Spoken Language Services, Ithaca, NY, 1976). ed. J. Milton Cowan. ISBN 0-87950-001-8.
Islam in the World by Malise Ruthven (Gantra Publications, 2006) ISBN 1-86207-906-4
External links

free expressions with audio
Voiced Dictionary of Islamic and Arabic Key Words
Glossary of Islamic terms
View page ratings
Rate this page
Whats this?
Trustworthy
Objective
Complete
Well-written
I am highly knowledgeable about this topic (optional)

Submit ratings
Categories: Arabic words and phrasesGlossaries of religionIslam-related listsIslamic terms

قس پشتو

په لاندې توګه د اسلام وییپانګه د تورو په حساب ټاکل شوې ده. کینډۍ:Islam The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place.

Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of dawah. One of the complexities of the Arabic language is that a single word can have multiple meanings. The word Islam is itself a good example.

Readers should also note that Arabic is written in its own alphabet, with letters, symbols, and orthographic conventions that do not have exact equivalents in the Latin alphabet (see Arabic alphabet). The following list is a transliteration of Arabic terms and phrases. Consequently, Muslims may transliterate certain Arabic words differently, such as din as opposed to deen, and aqidah as opposed to aqeedah. Most items in the list also contain their actual Arabic spelling.


انگلیسیbilingual arabic bilingual english
عربیاللغة الإنجليزية العربية ثنائية اللغة الإنجليزية